The famous ancient Greek physician Hippocrates said: "We are what we eat! "" - said. He is right in many ways, that is, the culture of food consumption, its benefit or harm to the human body. Thus, some products are essential for the normal full functioning of all organs and systems, while others, on the contrary, reduce the quality of life and lead to serious diseases, for example, pancreatitis. In this case, a proper balanced diet is the prevention of possible relapses.
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the pancreas. This organ plays an important role in the functioning of the digestive tract. Its main functions are the production of insulin, as well as the digestive enzymes necessary for the digestion and absorption of nutrients:
trypsins, to digest proteins;
lipases, to process fats;
lactase, maltase, amylase, invertase, which ensure the conversion of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
Normally, pancreatic juice, saturated with enzymes, enters the duodenum through the ducts, which is the main stage of digestion. Pathology occurs when the secretion of the enzymatic fluid is too active, its quantity becomes such that it cannot move physiologically "quickly" from the gland. Digestive enzymes interact with pancreatic cells, causing them to die and stimulate inflammation.
In most cases, pancreatitis is a consequence of excessive and regular consumption of alcohol, fatty and heavy foods. Such a diet causes the pancreas to constantly work in an enhanced mode, producing excess enzymes, which not only enter the organ itself, but also enter the systemic blood and have a toxic effect on other life support systems.
Similar reactions may occur when taking certain medications.
Another common cause of pain is partial or complete obstruction of the pancreatic duct. It can be associated with the formation of stones (cholelithiasis), the formation of cysts, tumors, injuries and in rare cases - with structural anomalies. Less diagnosed cases are the development of the disease as a result of parasitism of pathogenic microorganisms and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc. ).
General rules
There are two main forms of pathology: acute and chronic. In the first case, the symptoms are obvious: severe pain in the left side, radiation to the wrist, frequent vomiting, hyperemia. Attacks usually occur after eating fried or spicy foods or alcohol. In this case, urgent hospitalization and immediate treatment are necessary to stabilize the condition as soon as possible and to avoid dangerous complications such as pancreatic necrosis and multi-organ failure.
During the first 2-3 days after the attack, it is forbidden to eat any food to stop the production of enzyme secretions. During this period, the body feeds on drops.
It is allowed to drink as desired, but in small portions. It is allowed to use mineral or boiled water, weakly brewed tea, rose decoction. After the pain subsides, the patient gradually goes back to a normal diet. It is important not to overload the gland and give it time to recover, so the diet should be as gentle as possible. Food should be eaten from 150 g to 6 times a day.
All foods are prepared in liquid or semi-liquid form (soups, purees, porridge) by boiling or steaming and cooled to warm temperature before serving. Gradually, the diet is expanded, high-calorie and non-digestible foods are added. Further nutrition for pancreatitis remains fragmented and cost-effective.
With chronic pain, the clinical picture is not so clear. Pathology, in this case, has already affected most of the tissues of the gland, causing serious damage to the functioning of the organ, primarily in the full production of enzymes. There is a constant disturbance of digestion: diarrhea, swelling, the nature of stool changes, but there is no pain. But when it worsens, the symptoms become worse and are accompanied by severe pain.
Diet adjustment is based on the same principles as in acute pancreatitis. After three days of fasting, the patient switches to low-calorie foods (proteins - 60 g, fats - 50 g per day). This mode is shown for a period of 5 to 7 days. In addition, the nature of food varies according to the condition of the patient. Priority is given to proteins, the amount of fat remains low. Liquid foods are supplemented with viscous, finely chopped foods; Cooking by baking or baking is allowed.
Daily consumption of salt should not exceed 6 g (for any form of pathology).
Why should you follow a diet for pancreatitis?
An acute attack of the disease seriously damages the health of the gland. Only in some cases, the organ recovers completely without any consequences. As a rule, such disorders do not go away without a trace, especially if a person again drinks strong drinks or eats poorly. The transition to the chronic form is a dangerous condition, from which complete recovery is impossible. In this case, the damaged gland cannot produce the required amount of enzymes, and regular (often lifelong) use of drug analogues is required.
Dietary nutrition for pancreatitis is mandatory. The main goal is to relieve the diseased organ, reduce hypersecretion, and prevent recurrence. Hard to digest, digestible foods that require an increase in pancreatic juice are removed from the menu. The diet is chosen to ensure normal functioning of the pancreas and maximum recovery of damaged tissue.
Diet plays an important role in preventing diabetes. The gland has special parts called the islets of Langerhans, where a certain hormone, insulin, is produced. If inflammation affects these forms, then hormonal generation decreases, which can eventually lead to the development of endocrine disease. Poor nutrition, in this case, is considered a predisposing factor.
Foods approved for pancreatitis
After the symptoms subside, the patient is shown the diet chart No. 5b. There are two options - basic and advanced. The first is prescribed in the active phase of the chronic course of the pathology and in the case of an acute attack. It consists of fairly limited and mostly easily digestible carbohydrates.
Improved nutrition for pancreatitis is the adjustment of the carbohydrate diet with the addition of protein foods. Their daily content in food is not more than 125 g. At the same time, the amount of oil consumed should not exceed 70 g. In addition, the amount of other nutrients necessary for health is taken into account:
vitamin A - 10 mg;
B vitamins - from 2 to 10 mg;
vitamin C - up to 150 g;
calcium - 0. 8 g;
sodium - 3 g;
phosphorus - 1. 3 g;
magnesium - 0. 5 g;
iron - 0. 03 g.
All this shows that the daily menu should be not only healthy, but also varied, using different permitted foods.
Vegetables: potatoes, cucumbers, cauliflower, seaweed, green beans, pumpkin, zucchini, celery, carrots. There is a lot of debate among nutritionists about the consumption of beets. Boiled root vegetables are known to be healthy, but their high betaine and sugar content question their safety as a food for pancreatitis.
Vegetables are eaten in the form of puree, as part of the first meals. It is allowed to gradually move to coarse grinding.
Fruits, berries: apple, pear, pomegranate, peach, strawberry, raspberry. Baked (apples), steamed or various delicacies (without sugar) are prepared from them: preserves, jam, mousse, marshmallows, marmalade, jelly.
meat (lean): turkey, chicken, rabbit, veal (fillet or liver). Products can be eaten after the patient's condition is stabilized. They are used to prepare soups, stews, steamed meatballs, quenelles, meatballs, and souffles.
A fish: perch, pike, carp, perch, hake, pollock, cod, bluefish. Cut into boiled pieces or mince for steaming.
Dairy products (low fat): milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream, yogurt. Fermented milk drinks are drunk little by little during the day.
Separately, it is necessary to talk about cheese. Only soft salted cheeses are allowed: feta cheese, suluguni, etc. b. Products are added to the food in small pieces during cooking.
Cereal crops: semolina, rice, buckwheat, oats. Finely ground semolina is best suited for flour.
Pasta: the wanted. Prepare according to the instructions, small things are preferred.
An egg: chicken, quail. They are eaten boiled (mashed), soft boiled (rare) or as an omelette.
Bread: with wheat (yesterday), bran, crackers, cookies.
May: creamy (up to 30 g per day), vegetables (linseed, olive, refined sunflower) are gradually included in the menu.
Drinks: weak tea, compotes, diluted juices from non-acidic fruits, fruits, non-carbonated mineral waters.
All dishes are prepared immediately before eating. It is forbidden to "fry" vegetables in soup.
Fully or partially restricted products
Unfortunately, the terrible disease dictates its own strict rules that the patient has to live from now on. First of all, it concerns the daily diet. In order to avoid possible relapses and worsening of the condition in the future, it is necessary to permanently stop using certain foods. Of course, this is difficult to accept, but the cost of poor nutrition during pancreatitis is often the patient's life.
Dieting should not be seen as suffering. The number of things you can eat is not small, in all sections of the food table. In addition, if the patient is feeling well, anti-pancreatitis nutrition can be expanded by introducing foods that are not included in the basic diet (some seasonal vegetables, fruits, etc. ). Their consumption should be strictly limited, carefully monitoring the body's reaction. If any, even mild, symptoms of an attack may appear, the new food introduced in the diet is immediately removed.
There are no fatty foods in the patient's diet. First of all, it concerns meat (pork, lamb, duck, goose, intestines). Various semi-finished products and sausages are also prohibited. The latter poses a particular potential risk because whole foods contain many chemical flavoring additives that irritate the digestive system. Dietary poultry sausage or ham is an exception, which is sometimes consumed in small quantities.
Oily sea and river fish (salmon, beluga, sturgeon, sterlet, etc. ), as well as caviar, rolls, and sushi are excluded. The use of moderately fatty fish dishes and seafood is allowed (no more than 2 times a week).
The diet menu does not contain coarse fiber and vegetables with high acidity: white cabbage, radish, rutabaga, radish, turnip, spinach, kombucha, corn, asparagus, eggplant. You should not serve pickled, pickled, salted vegetables, ginger, olives or foods with garlic and onions. Products should be heat treated before eating, they should not be eaten raw. If there are no signs of inflammation of the pancreas, sweet tomatoes can be used with caution in the diet.
Fruits and berries increase the secretion of pancreatic fluid and contain a large amount of acids. Therefore, their use is undesirable, especially during the recovery period after an attack. Citrus fruits, dates, melons, fresh fruits and their juices are prohibited. Dried fruits are allowed in limited quantities.
The consumption of mushrooms and legumes is excluded. These foods are a great source of plant protein that helps activate the pancreas. In addition, there may be unwanted disturbances from other organs of the gastrointestinal tract: increased gas, constipation, which is especially problematic for people with pancreatitis.
Hard-to-digest foods made from cereals: millet, barley, peas, pearl barley are prohibited. The consistency of ready-made cereal should be semi-liquid and viscous, it should not be eaten in crushed form.
Fat milk, as well as its derivatives (cottage cheese, buttermilk, cream) are very unpleasant. Hard, salty, sharp cheeses and cheese products are prohibited.
Do not use any spices in food preparation and do not serve factory-made sauces: mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, etc. b. It is strictly forbidden to cook fried food. Fried foods (including sautéed vegetables for soup) are saturated with many carcinogens and other harmful substances, which have a depressing effect on the functioning of the entire digestive tract. Regular consumption of such foods can lead to a new attack. The same goes for any smoked meat or canned fish. Do not put fish in water in small quantities, because. . . it secretes extractive substances that require an increase in pancreatic juice.
It is forbidden to eat fresh bread, bread and sweets. Such food is a source of a large number of carbohydrates, which increase the activity of the diseased organ and the secretion of insulin. Together with cooking oils (margarine, etc. ), this is an unacceptable serious burden on pancreatitis. Therefore, you should not eat cakes, pastries, ice cream, chocolate, honey.
Any alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited, as well as strong coffee, carbonated drinks, cocoa, green tea.
Sample menu for pancreatitis for a week
In the acute phase of pancreatitis, nutrition is poor, but necessary to reduce inflammation. A 6-time meal plan is set:
Breakfast. Soft porridge with water is better, with diluted milk if there are no symptoms. You can complete your meal with a piece of buttered toast.
Lunch. As a rule, it includes unleavened cottage cheese or cheesecakes, jelly, fruit puree.
The dinner. Light soups and vegetable soups are served as the first course. For the second course - meat or fish souffle, steamed meatballs with grains and vegetables.
Lunch. Its composition is similar to the second snack.
The dinner. This meal is better light but with enough protein. Cooked fish, side dishes and meat paste are suitable.
For the night. Instead of food - a glass of fat-free kefir or yogurt.
Depending on the condition of the patient, the daily menu is supplemented with foods other than the list of permitted foods.
Monday
Mashed rice porridge, rose infusion.
Baked apples with prunes.
Chicken consomme with croutons, fish souffle.
Kissel, cookies.
Turkey cutlets, pumpkin and carrot puree.
Kefir.
Tuesday
Buckwheat porridge, tea with milk.
Low-fat cottage cheese (100 g), apple mousse.
Vegetable puree soup, steamed veal.
Compote, a portion of soft, slightly salted cheese.
Boiled pike with potatoes.
Ryazhenka.
Wednesday
Oatmeal in water with dried fruit.
Yogurt.
Carrot and rice soup, cheese and bread.
Fruit jam.
Cottage cheese casserole with pears, wheat bread.
Yogurt.
Thursday
Steam omelette (white), sandwich with butter, tea.
Cheese pudding.
Rabbit souffle with fish soup and carrot garnish.
Kefir, fruit jelly.
Steamed chicken cutlet with cauliflower puree.
Boiled milk.
Friday
Steamed cheesecakes, rose hip drink.
Baked apple.
Pumpkin cream soup, turkey roll with vegetables.
Yogurt.
Braised veal, carrot pudding.
Tea without sugar.
Saturday
Boiled egg white, kefir.
Fruit puree, cookies.
Homemade noodles with vegetable broth, turkey cutlet.
Cottage cheese.
Pasta with green beans, compote.
Varenets.
Sunday
Semolina porridge with butter.
Apple mousse.
Chicken soup with potato dumplings, fish dumplings.
Vegetable puree.
Steamed Turkey with Zucchini and Carrot Garnish.
Milk (low fat).
Diet recipes
Rice porridge with pumpkin
You will need:
broken round grain rice - half a glass;
pumpkin - 300 g;
milk partially with water - only one glass;
sugar - 1 tablespoon;
salt.
Cut the previously peeled and seeded pumpkin into pieces, boil in a little water until soft, and rub through a sieve. Another option is to grate the vegetables and add them to the pan along with the rice.
Add the cereal to the boiling condensed milk and boil for 15 minutes. Then add pumpkin puree, sugar and a little salt. Stir and cook for another 2-3 minutes. It is better to eat porridge after 20-30 minutes.
Meatball and cauliflower soup
Ingredients:
turkey or chicken fillet - 300 g;
fresh egg white - 2 pieces;
potatoes - 3 pieces;
carrot - 1 piece;
cauliflower - 300 g;
water - 2-2, 5 l;
salt.
Make stuffing. Knead well with egg white and make walnut-sized meatballs. Cabbage, previously put in small flowers, put chopped carrots in boiling water. After 5 minutes, add potatoes cut into small cubes. When the vegetables are cooked, add meatballs to the soup, add salt and mix. Boil for 5-7 minutes on low heat.
If the pain worsens, you can prepare a soft cream soup. In this case, the meatballs are not shaped. Minced meat (without protein) is added to cooked vegetables, mixed, boiled for 5-7 minutes, and then the contents of the pan are cleaned with a blender. Pour the egg whites in a thin stream, while mixing them into the soup.
Chicken souffle
Products:
skinless chicken breast - 500 g;
milk - 1 cup;
egg white - 2 pieces;
vegetable oil (for greasing the form);
salt.
Preheat the oven to 180 °C. Pass the breast through a meat grinder twice, mix it with egg white and milk, add salt. Blend the mince with a blender until smooth. Grease a heat-resistant dish with oil and fill it with meat mixture. Bake for 30 minutes without opening the oven.
Baked fish cutlets
You will need:
white fish fillet (cod, pollock, perch) - 500 g;
2 egg whites;
salt.
Grind the fish into minced meat, add salt, mix it with egg white, and knead well until smooth. Shape the cutlets. Place them on a wire rack in a deep pot of boiling water and steam until cooked (25-30 minutes). You can use a slow cooker for this.
Broccoli omelette
Ingredients:
raw protein - 4 pieces (or 2 eggs);
broccoli - 200 g;
milk - 0. 5 cups;
the water;
salt;
oil for lubrication.
Wash the cabbage, cut it into pieces and cook covered for 10 minutes. Beat whites (eggs) with milk and salt until frothy. Put the boiled vegetables in a fireproof pan, grease with oil, pour the egg-milk mixture and put in the oven heated to 180°C. Bake for 10 minutes. In acute cases of the disease, cabbage flowers are crushed into pulp.
For children
This disease is rarely diagnosed in childhood. However, an acute attack is possible if the child suffers from drug addiction, had severe viral infections, abdominal trauma or long-term drug therapy (hormones, tetracyclines). The disease is often manifested together with other gastritis, for example, gastritis. Diet therapy, in this case, should take into account the nature of the main disease.
Nutrition for pancreatitis in children is the same as in adults and is carried out according to a similar scheme: in the first week - the strictest, softest menu, then the weekly table is gradually diversified, it is necessary to digest well and not to worry. symptoms.
It should be remembered that the body of a growing child needs the right amount of nutrients, including fats. Therefore, in order not to overload the gland, the child receives the necessary dose of enzymes artificially, p. a. with the help of drugs.
The daily menu must consist of vegetables, fruits (in the stage of remission they can be eaten fresh, but with caution), sour milk products, liquid, viscous porridge, soup, as well as boiled lean meat and fish. After a stroke, a strict diet should be followed for one month, an extended diet for at least 5 years, and in the chronic form of the disease, a diet chart should be followed for life.
For pregnant women
Pancreatitis in women during pregnancy can be aggravated by taking certain vitamin complexes or as a result of internal pressure on the gland due to the growth of the uterus. In this case, nutrition for pancreatitis should be dietary, but taking into account all the nutritional needs necessary for the full development of the fetus.
Advantages and disadvantages
Adherence to the diet is the key to the health of not only the pancreas, but the entire digestive system. Such a diet is balanced, healthy, light and fully digestible. In addition, despite the restrictions, the diet is very diverse and allows you to combine different foods with food, thus providing a wide, nutritious table. However, it takes time to get used to this diet. For many patients, this is not a psychological, but a consumer obstacle, because many familiar "tasty" foods have to be abandoned. But it is necessary to maintain the possibility of a normal life.
Nutritionists' comments
Treatment of pancreatitis with the help of a diet is primarily aimed at maximum removal of the affected gland. It is important to stop the overproduction of enzyme secretions. However, according to nutritionists, it is necessary to provide the digestive organs with complete rest from time to time. During this period, the affected body is most used to regeneration, because it is functionally "sleeping".
For this purpose, therapeutic fasting (complete abstinence from food) is performed. Usually, this regime is maintained for 24 hours, but it can be increased if the patient feels better and is under the supervision of a doctor. Prolonged malnutrition (more than 7 days) requires hospitalization.
A more gentle option is fasting days. Nutritionists recommend using them at least once a week. One of the allowed foods is chosen, for example, porridge or vegetable puree. It is prepared in such quantities that it can be divided into several meals. No other products are needed.
Reviews and results
Only when strictly observing the rules of the treatment table will you observe stable positive dynamics of remission.
Any, even minor violation of the diet can cancel all previous efforts, provoking a new round of pain. What this may be for the patient, no doctor can predict, but, in any case, the consequences will be very disappointing. Reviews of patients with pancreatitis confirm this. That's why proper nutrition is so important. The main thing is to take it easy, study your body and understand what is acceptable and what is not. The best motivation in this matter is the strong support of loved ones.
The price is
A one-week diet basket costs an average of $20 to $40.